Headache is a pain.

Neck pain is a painful condition involving the cervical spine and soft tissues of the neck. The most common cause of neck pain is strain and spasm of the neck muscles. In torticollis or wryneck, the prolonged involuntary contraction of the neck muscles causes the head to turn to one side. Another cause of neck pain is whiplash, which is an injury to the neck often seen in motor vehicle accident victims that is caused by the sudden jerking of the head. Other risk factors for neck pain are psychosocial stress, poor posture, and occupational injuries.

Frozen shoulder is a subacute inflammatory condition affecting the shoulder joint and the soft tissues surrounding it. The symptoms gradually progress from a feeling of heaviness or pressure around the shoulder, to pain, and onto the severe limitation of movement of the affected shoulder. The onset of the condition may not be associated with any direct trauma or injury to the shoulder.

Low back pain is a painful condition involving the spine and soft tissues of the lower back. It affects 60% to 70% of the population once in their lifetime. The most common cause of low back pain is strain and spasm of the back muscles resulting from trauma, occupational injuries or sports injuries. Degenerative changes of the lumbosacral spine may also cause the condition.

Scoliosis is a spinal deformity resulting from the abnormal curvature of the spine. Scoliosis is often classified as structural or non-structural. In both types, the spine curves from side-to-side but in structural scoliosis, the vertebrae also rotate thereby twisting the spine. In 80% of patients, the cause of scoliosis is unknown. Poor posture, uneven leg lengths and muscle spasm sometimes cause non-structural scoliosis.

Sciatica is a painful condition affecting the sciatic nerve. The sensation of sciatica can vary widely from numbness, to a mild tingling sensation, and to a severe immobilizing pain. The sensation can be felt on the hip, extending along the back of the thigh, down the side of the leg, and onto the sole of the foot. It is commonly caused by the compression of the sciatic nerve by vertebral abnormalities such as herniated discs, bone spurs, and spinal stenosis.

Painful conditions of the joints of the lower extremity have many causes. One common cause is aberrant foot biomechanics that is aggravated by wearing poorly fitted shoes and worn heels. Weight bearing and walking further stresses the dysfunctional foot and ankle, thereby causing an abnormal torque to develop along the leg that strains the knee.

Bone spurs are irregular overgrowths of bone that form as a result of abnormal weight-bearing stress which builds up along joint lines owing to improper joint function and the misalignment of adjacent bony structures. Bone spurs that form on spinal vertebrae may compress nerves, blood vessels and soft tissues resulting in back pain, numbness to gross sensory loss, and muscular atrophy.

Parethesia is an abnormal sensation of tingling or numbness that is usually felt along the extremities. Tingling sensation indicate that the nerve supplying the area is irritated or experiencing pressure, while numbness may indicate more severe nerve damage. There are many causes of parethesia such as metabolic and vascular problems, and compression of the nerves in conditions like herniated discs, bone spurs, and chronic muscle imbalance.

Sports injuries are a variety of conditions resulting from over-stressing a body that is inadequately prepared for the rigours of a given physical activity. In occasional athletes, injuries maybe due to the lack of physical fitness, poor posture, or having improper equipment. In regular athletes, injuries may result from over-training, over-use, and repetitive stress.

Occupational injuries are a wide variety of injuries sustained in the workplace. Functional neuromusculoskeletal problems, like back pain and repetitive stress injuries of the extremities, can result from either accidental or non-accidental injuries at work. Non-accidental injuries may arise due to poor body mechanics, improper ergonomics, prolonged activities, lack of physical fitness, and fatigue.

Children often sustain various biomechanical injuries as a result of their physical activities. Other factors like bad posture and carrying heavy loads (such as school bags) may cause repetitive stress that lead to functional neuromusculoskeletal problems such as neck, shoulder, and back pain.
Pregnant women commonly complain of back and pelvic pain, which can be due to the weight gain, postural and hormonal changes that occur in a woman's body during pregnancy. Low back pain and leg pain during and after pregnancy often result from the functional imbalance of the spine and pelvis.

Children often sustain various biomechanical injuries as a result of their physical activities. Other factors like bad posture and carrying heavy loads (such as school bags) may cause repetitive stress that lead to functional neuromusculoskeletal problems such as neck, shoulder, and back pain.
Pregnant women commonly complain of back and pelvic pain, which can be due to the weight gain, postural and hormonal changes that occur in a woman's body during pregnancy. Low back pain and leg pain during and after pregnancy often result from the functional imbalance of the spine and pelvis.
