Major studies have shown that chiropractic treatment and management is effective and cost effective in the treatment of

• "Chiropractic manipulation is safer and more cost effective than medical management of low back pain (LBP). There is good empirical evidence that patients are very satisfied with chiropractic management of LBP." Manga P et al. Study funded by the Ontario Ministry of Health, Canada, 1993 .
• "Manipulation of the low back is recommended during the first four weeks of symptoms, with or without medication, in conjunction with low-stress exercise followed by conditioning exercises after two weeks." Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR), Department of Health and Human Services, USA, 1994 .
• "Consider manipulative treatment within the first six weeks for patients who need additional help with pain relief or who are failing to return to normal activities. The risk of manipulation is very low in skilled hands." Clinical Guidelines of the Royal College of General Practitioners et al, UK, 1996 .
• "Manual therapy, including spinal manipulation, is recommended for patients with acute low back pain and functional limitations of more than 2 to 3 days duration, and for acute exacerbations of recurrent or chronic low back pain and functional limitation." Study by the Danish Institute for Health Technology Assessment, National Board of Health, Denmark, 1999 .